Typical speech sound development
Children learn to use a range of speech sounds at different ages. They develop more accurate sounds as they practice speaking more and grow older. To understand children’s speech sound development, it’s helpful to look at how easily we understand what they say, and also to look at the different sounds they can use accurately. Please note that there is a broad range of ‘typical’ and these numbers and ages are just guidelines.
Speech Sound Development Chart
To see how your child’s speech sound development compares with others their age, complete the free printable Speech Sound Development Checklist below.
How can I help my child learn sounds at home?
Learning sounds can be a lot of fun. You probably already do many of these helpful activities with your child!
Nursery rhymes, word plays, making up nonsense words – these are fun, helpful activities for children to learn about sounds, words, and rhyming
Model and exaggerate clear sounds for your child to hear. They may choose to imitate or they may just listen. Repeat sounds and words many times
Your child can watch your mouth as you make sounds
Look into a large mirror together and play with sounds and words. Have fun making silly sounds
Talk explicitly about sounds and letters. E.g. tell your child “the letter ‘gee’ makes the sound /g/“ (just make the sound, like at the start of ‘get’)
Why is it important for my child to learn accurate speech sounds?
There are many reasons why it’s important to help your child develop speech sounds appropriate to their age, including:
The earlier children get help, the better chance they have of catching up, or reaching their best potential
Some children with speech sound delays can go on to have difficulties learning to read and write
Sometimes children who have unclear speech can develop low confidence to speak. It’s important for practice and therapy activities to be very positive and fun, to help children develop into confident speakers
What to do if you have concerns
If your child has speech sound difficulties and/or a history of ear infections, getting a hearing assessment is an important starting point. If children can’t hear well for periods of time, this can affect how they learn about sounds of speech. Talk to your child’s GP about accessing a hearing assessment.
Complete the Speech Sound Development Checklist, and see how your child’s sound repertoire compares with others their age.
If you have any concerns for your child’s speech sound development, talk to a speech therapist about your questions and whether your child might benefit from an assessment.